That sounds way too sensationalistic, and it probably is. But the drama of that statement is certainly rooted in truth.

Allow me to explain.

Several years ago, I got enamored with the concept of ‘innovation’.

So much so, in fact, that it became a personal buzzword, advocacy, unifying battle-cry.

I read all the books and delved into all of the websites. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. The Innovator’s Dilemma. Innovation : The Five Disciplines. Closing the Innovation Gap. Innovation to the Core. Open Innovation. Innovation Nation. Innovation X. If the book had the word ‘innovation’ in its title (even the sub-title), it had a 90% chance of ending up on my bookshelf.

I would get indoctrinated in the religion of IDEO (the Shopping Cart video and the innovation bibles, The Art of Innovation and The Ten Faces of Innovation). In fact, it was a dream come true when I met Brian Quebengco and became a partner in the industrial design firm, Inovent.

For a time, some really cool friends and I put up Kolektib – an Innovation Hub in the creative hustle-and-bustle of Cubao X. We did Innovation Workshops internally and externally. It was an exquisitely fun time.

Even social entrepreneurship, for me, was a form of innovation – albeit social innovation. Hapinoy and Rags2Riches are expressions of melding social development with business models, a rather revolutionary approach which would certainly qualify as innovating.

I eventually synthesized my knowledge. I wound up conceptualizing, creating, and teaching a class in Ateneo on Innovation. It would tackle the why’s, the what’s, the how’s of the topic. I wanted to transmit the spirit to a next generation of innovators which would try to conquer and/or change the world.

The one line i always wanted my students to remember : Innovate or Die.

But beginning last year, my innovation lens would slowly shift. Not on a different tangent, but rather on a different depth.

I’m significantly more experienced and quite wiser. For all intents and purposes, I’ve changed. But more importantly, the world has changed at a mind-spinning rate – far outstripping my own evolution.

The first decade of the 21st Century was characterized by dizzying change, hyper-competition, unbridled growth – all of the factors that led to an innovation explosion. Globalization was at full-swing, the Internet began to fulfill its promise of changing everything.

And everything seemed possible. Growth was so palpable and reachable, and so businesses began pouncing on the massiveness of the opportunity. Driven by sheer momentum, they just plowed full steam ahead.

An innovation avalanche would ensue.

Innovation and Design consultancies would have a field day. So many new products, services, processes, and business models would emerge. I should know – it’s what I taught :

How Zara had reinvented the supply chain, allowing them to launch new fashion lines at lightning speed.

How the Wii would tackle the Blue Ocean of game consoles, beating the higher-performing Xbox 360 and Playstations by going on a different tangent and tackling non-gamers.

How Procter & Gamble used Open Innovation and launched connect + develop, unleashing a torrent of growth for their brands under AG Lafley’s watch.

More consumers were opening their wallets, and companies were feasting.

But towards the end of the decade, the world would undergo yet another step-change, perhaps an even larger one than the last.

Crises of global proportions would enter the lexicon.

A financial crisis would infect the world over, leading to national economies teetering on the brink. It was a full-blown meltdown and it washed over countries like a worldwide tsunami.

And speaking of tsunamis, the world became a real-life disaster movie. Environmentalists have been banging the alarm bells on the planet for so long, but it’s certainly only in the past few years that climate change has become real to the person on the street. When Typhoon Ondoy hit the Philippines, it was a shock to the system – it dumped one month’s worth of rain in half a day, causing floods in areas we never imagined were possible.

This climate change crisis is of course linked to to the energy crisis – our over-dependence on carbon-based fuels. Generations ago it wasn’t tangible, but now we see just how finite non-renewable energy is. It’s like we’ve got lung cancer and yet ironically still need two packs of smokes a day just to keep on moving.

And while all this was happening, the gap between the rich and the poor continued to widen. The proportion of the world’s population that survives under $2 a day still goes between a third to one-half of the total human race! (depending on which statistics you look at). Without a doubt, the population and poverty crisis continues to rear its ugly head.

And so in the span of a decade, we went from an age of seemingly unbridled growth … and plummeted into an age of uncertainty. An Age of Massively Complex Problems.

And that’s why a nagging feeling in my gut gradually snowballed, until my lens shifted.

I remember some of the projects that were conceptualized in my Innovation Class. A better kind of toothpaste. Refillable packaging for laundry detergents. Heck, even an innovative cigarette that would light without matches. Of course there were some that were more interesting – especially those who were in the social innovation track.

But with all due respect to my former students, it was the teacher who was at fault. We were thinking too small. We were throwing our energies at the wrong things. (just look at my slides)

Power is useless, if misdirected. Same goes for Innovation.

Innovation is good at tackling any problem, but it can be so much greater if it tackled the right ones.

And so I’m drawing a line on the sand, demarcating where my old thinking ends and my new perspective begins :

The only problems worth solving, worth investing your life in, are meaningful ones.

In an Age of Massively Complex Problems, do we really need to design a better toothbrush?

Do we still want to use innovation to drive unbridled growth and overconsumption, for things that people don’t really need but we’d just want them to buy?

Do we want to continue ransacking the planet with novel products that don’t really add anything extraordinary to people’s lives?

I say, that may have its place in the world, but certainly not in mine.

I will invest my time, my resources, my life, in innovation that, frankly, matters.

Meaningful innovation that adds real value to people’s lives, that tackles real problems plaguing individuals, society, and the world.

A lot of Big Problems. A lot of Big Opportunities. A lot of Big Innovations needed.

I call this new evolution of my definition, Innovation(+). Innovation plus, Innovation positive, Innovation with meaning.

The time has come for us to put collective energies into innovations that can create positive differences in people’s lives, for society, and the world at large.

We need platforms for participation; Heck let’s take it a step further as Platforms for Activation – where people are actively engaged in helping things move not just onwards, but upwards.

And so it’s in these specific challenges that I will be investing my energies on :

1. Social Innovations at the Base-of-the-Pyramid
- How can we co-create business models, products, and services that serve essential needs for those that live under $2/day?
- How can we make the poor active participants and co-creators in the common drive to get them out of poverty?

2. Development of Technologies, Products, and Services that Positively Advance the Human Condition
- How can we create new innovations in education, healthcare, energy, and communications that sustainably serve the needs of this generation and the next?
- How do we use innovation and design thinking to tackle everyday problems of society – traffic gridlock, transportation, crime as some examples? (in fact, IDEO has evolved Design Thinking into tackling Big Problems – just look at Open IDEO).
- How can the Big Brands, Big Products, and Big Services reinvent themselves into positively advancing the human condition?

3. Harnessing the Web for Massive Connection, Collaboration, and Change
- As I mentioned earlier – how do we create Platforms for Activation? I can think of no better example than how Iceland recently engaged its citizens to write the constitution.
- How can we use web to either rebuild or create new institutions? Financial institutions, Educational Institutions, Healthcare Institutions, even Governments?

4. A New Kind of Society
- How do we transition a paradigm shift from the traditional economics of GDP into one that measures happiness and prosperity?
- How do we go from unbridled production-consumption-growth into true, sustainable living?
- How do we balance the currents of globalization, localization, and community?

5. Innovating for The Planet
- There’s just no way getting around tackling the Climate Crisis head-on, it’s quite simply the biggest problem that we as a collective species have to contend with.
- In fact, I love what Al Gore writes in his new book/app ‘Our Choice’. In addressing the Climate Crisis, he wants ‘to make the rescue of civilization the central organizing principle of our politics, economics, and action.’

So there. A new personal roadmap, a clearer direction, a manifesto on where I wish Innovation+ will go. Where it will take us, or where we can drive it towards.

One of my all-time favorite quotes is by technologist Alan Kay – “The best way to predict the future is to invent it.” Such wise words in an Age of Massively Complex Problems, an age which needs more and more of us to do Innovation(+).

My personal dreams exist on several levels – for myself, my loved ones, my ideas, my causes, my enterprises, and of course, for my country (and if imagined at the highest levels, perhaps the world-at-large :p)

For the Philippines, specifically, I’ve always dreamt that I can have the biggest impact from my chosen field of business and entrepreneurship. I never aspired to be a politician, a social worker (in the purest sense), or an artist. I took up a business degree, worked in the corporate sector, and eventually transitioned into my current life’s work in social enterprise and innovation/design thinking.

The perspective I’ve been carrying for the longest time is that business and entrepreneurship can help eradicate poverty, create jobs and opportunities, and move our country along a positive economic trajectory. The Philippines will be globally competitive, world-class, “developed”, and recover our ‘lost glory’. Using economists’ jargon, my dream was that the Philippines will hurtle from the Third World into the First.

But for these past few months (probably even years), I’ve begun to challenge this long-held belief.

Picking up on the First World-Third World economic dichotomy, things don’t look so rosy on the other side of the fence, if you ask me. The developed world’s financial markets reached near-critical meltdown while the emerging markets held their ground; Unemployment and unrest in America is reaching fever highs, while Europe’s social safety nets are being challenged – the discomforting examples of Greece and Ireland coming to mind immediately. The question we ‘Third-World’ Citizens have to ask is this – is this what we want to aspire for? What our dreams will ultimately add up to?

I’ve got an even simpler example to illustrate my point.

I have a European friend who lived in a country where everything just works – the trains come and go on time, one can make a very decent living, government is reliable, personal security is not a day-to-day battle, and so on and so forth. He was living it up in a “developed” environment.

But this is what’s peculiar – he turned his back on all of that, and of his own free will, decided to move here to Manila – here, with all our flaws, our poverty, our corruption, our chaotic public transit systems, our social problems.

Why?

Why did he seemingly “regress” from the First World into the Third?

My friend will answer you with a straight face : Because he wasn’t happy there. And it seems that he is “happier” here.

Of course one could probably argue that he has money and that’s why he doesn’t contend with being poor the way a majority of Filipinos are. Yes, I agree – and I will revisit that point later. But let me tell you as well that he is certainly not living a lavish lifestyle. He’s got some level of financial security, he put up a small business, and yet he is certainly not living like an expat. In fact, he is renting a small house, commutes using our jeepneys, MRTs, and taxis, and quite enjoys going to un-airconditioned public markets to buy fresh meat and vegetables. It’s a simple lifestyle – and certainly a far cry from what he was used to.

My point is this : our concepts of progress or regression between First World and Third World, Developed and Developing – these concepts shape the direction of our aspirations and our dreams. The current mindset, the current dream – is that we want to go from Third to First, from Developing to Developed, From Emerging to Emerged. But if we look at all the latter examples of First, Developed, and Emerged – again – is the grass really so much greener?

I’m not trying to create divisiveness nor incite misplaced arrogant comparisons – it’s certainly true that Third World, Developing, and Emerging countries have their own massive issues to contend with, and are in certain cases ‘worse off’. We’re not model citizens nor countries of the world as well, if you ask me. And as such, I’m not suggesting that the direction – the aspiration – should be from First to Third, Developed to Developing, or Emerged to Emerging.

What I am saying is this : whichever side of the First World-Third World dichotomy you’re on – your aspirations, your dream – should be oriented towards the ‘right’ things;

It’s not all about the economy, the GDP, the productivity nor the consumption statistics -  all of which are the variables of how most most of the world measures progress now. (I do recognize that the Millenium Development Goals have elevated the conversations beyond GDP, and this is a great example of the direction we are moving towards.)

Hit me on the head for probably being way too late to the party, but I’ve now begun to realize that economic development is a must, but it is certainly not a panacea. And for somebody who’s held that lens for the longest time, it’s quite the personal lightbulb moment, to be brutally honest about it.

Yes, the Philippines must no-holds-barred tackle poverty head-on. Yes, our GDP must indeed grow to create jobs and opportunities – we most certainly need progress in that sense. And yes, economic solutions could certainly be one of the magic bullets. But yes, all this movement, all this “development” – should lead to a situation not just of wealthy unsatisfied people living lives of unbridled consumption but – pardon my being philosophical about it – a state of happiness.

Happiness.

It might sound too simplistic, too dumbed-down, too abstract, even. How in the world do you intend to measure that?! But at the end of the day, as human beings – isn’t that what we should all be aspiring for, dreaming for? Not just for ourselves, our families, our friends, our communities … heck, yeah … our Countries? Our World?

I’ve met a lot of rich people in my life, and my current work keeps me in touch with a lot of poor people. And I tell you, the latter – despite their lack of material wealth – seem sincerely, genuinely happier. I don’t want to romanticize this. The poor certainly have aspirations to get out of poverty : decent human standards will just have to be met – food, shelter, clothing, education, livelihood, dignity of work. And yes, wealth is always something that people naturally aspire for. But it’s certainly not a trajectory of unbridled greed, excessiveness, and consumption (which is what has happened in ‘developed’ economies and is the scary direction of the rapidly-’developing’ ones).

So to this piece on wealth I say, maybe it’s not just about material possessions and riches per se, but prosperity. Having what you want in life, without going overboard.

Happiness, and Prosperity.

I think it’s what we should all be aspiring for – regardless if you’re First World or Third World, Developed or Developing, Emerged or Emerging.

—

The American Dream has been a light for countless of people and generations : that a nobody – regardless of race, religion, or social class – with nothing but the shirt on his/her back can go to America and realize wealth if s/he works hard enough.  It is an idea of a country wherein opportunities are abundant, and a comfortable life is realizable. Just think of all those Filipinos migrating to the US in order to chase that dream (and for quite a number, indeed achieving that). The American Dream, for most people, has become the poster child for finding, realizing, and achieving material wealth and prosperity. (let’s take current situation aside – I really believe that the US will bounce back).

But a lot of people often forget that the United States Declaration of Independence proclaims that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights” including “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

Again – it’s not just about material wealth, it’s about prosperity. And this prosperity is just a means to an end – the end of which is the pursuit of Happiness. It’s what people seem to have forgotten, drowned out by the glitz and glamor of excessive wealth, debt, and consumerism.

—

If you ask me, that’s what my dream is now – Happiness, and Prosperity. (side note : how to measure all of this – I leave all the economists and social scientists to figure it out. But as in the Little Prince, “what is essential is invisible to the eye”.)

Happiness, and Prosperity.

Yes, I still want my gadgets, a nice house, a comfortable life, the occasional vacation. But i want just enough, just enough. I would never trade excessive material wealth for my peace of mind and the genuine happiness of being alive where I am now, and where I’m headed in the future.

Happiness, and Prosperity.

It’s my dream for myself, my loved ones, my ideas, my causes, my enterprises, and of course, for my country, my world.

Let’s Re-Dream.

Let’s re-dream our country into an idea – an idea that we say ‘No’ to the current dominant logic of First World and Third World dichotomies, of being beholden to measures of “global competitiveness”, of being measured by standards not our own.

We can become an idea – an idea that we stake and fashion our dream on our own terms, and this dream at the very end of the day is rather simple, so simple and yet possibly so beautifully powerful – the idea that our country is a place where Happiness and Prosperity are ultimately realizable.

One of of the major influences that led to my journey into social entrepreneurship was Muhammad Yunus’ book, Banker to the Poor. It opened my horizons to the world of microfinancing, as well as social development from a very practical and entrepreneurial perspective.

I didn’t yet know exactly how or when at that point in time, but I knew deep in my gut that I would one day be working in the same field.

A few years later, we would eventually found MicroVentures / Hapinoy, along with Dr. Aris Alip, founder and Managing Director of the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development – the leading microfinancing institution in the Philippines.

Banking to the poor – microfinancing – had undeniably become a global movement, but we felt that the next phase of evolution was emerging.

As its name suggests, microfinancing is focused on access to capital – giving the poor credit without collateral in order for them to work themselves out of poverty. But the emphasis on credit meant less attention on the market side of the equation.

And so we wanted to solve a problem – now that a microentrepreneur has access to capital, how can she make the most use of it? With this question, the perspective subtly migrated from access to credit to access to market opportunities.

And so simply put – whereas a Microfinancing Institution is the Banker to the Poor, MicroVentures aspires to be the Business Partner of the Poor.

—

Now, the last thing I want to do is to romanticize this concept. Business partnerships with professionals in the formal economy – while more practical and normal – can already be quite tricky; All the more when we talk about business partnerships with the informal sector at the base-of-the-pyramid (BoP). There are fundamental challenges that I myself experience day-to-day in this sphere – a slew of issues from capacity-building, cooperation, communication, quality standards, culture, market orientation, and professionalism.

But then again, it is precisely the degree of the challenge which provides the imperative to dive headfirst into solving this problem; Because unlocking the model of business partnership with the poor can have tremendous social impact.

Much in the same way that microfinancing has unlocked the potential of capital and development at the BoP, the creation of microventures easing their way into the formal economy can be a catalyst for the poor to further help themselves out of poverty. It can – and should – work.

This is not a new theme for me. In fact, I’ve previously talked about it, as I strongly feel that the concept of business partnership with the poor – or the marginalized – is an important dimension of social (business) entrepreneurship. I’ve blogged on how Rags2Riches emulates the same philosophy of Business Partners, Not Beneficiaries. In a recent interview with The Broker – aptly entitled Business Partner of the Poor - I’ve also shared our social enterprise work in this context.

When we begin moving from the concept of charity into the concept of business partnership – not only are we beginning to think in terms of sustainability and scalability (it’s business!), we’re also beginning to talk about true empowerment of the people we serve. There is a fundamental difference.

For us, what comes comes to mind when comparing charity and business are seen in the following images which Reese shared in her talk in WhyNot?Forum 8.0 :

This is our image of Charity : the giver is superior to the recipient; mildly messianic.

This is our image of Business Partnership : solidarity, equality between two parties, and strength;

Just to clarify that for me, charity will always have its place in certain situations, most especially when there is no fundamental business model to pragmatically explore (disaster relief, human trafficking, etc).

But when possible, I would encourage the latter path – to aspire to become true business partners of the poor. If you’re a social entrepreneur, I hope that you would earnestly consider it too.

i wish this was for Social Enterprise of the Year – to recognize the HaPeeps, CARD, and of course all the Hapinoy Storeowners

Paolo Benigno Aquino IV
Mark Joaquin Ruiz
President/Managing Director
MicroVentures, Inc.

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I — I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.” These often-quoted lines by poet Robert Frost aptly describe the journey of school friends Paolo Benigno “Bam” Aquino IV and Mark Joaquin Ruiz. Years later, their minds would meet and together would embark courageously on the road not taken. They would co-create a revolutionary microenterprise business model to address the economic and social inequity for those marginalized by the status quo — the more than 50% of the total Filipino population who lives on less than $2 a day.

They had gone on different career tracks after graduating with Management Engineering degrees from the Ateneo de Manila. After college, Mr. Aquino established himself in the public service sector, while Mr. Ruiz ventured into the corporate world.

“I always considered myself a social entrepreneur,” Mr. Aquino says, “because I was driven by a strong public service perspective.” As a fresh graduate, he joined the ABS-CBN Foundation’s Special Projects Group and was involved in a rehabilitation center for abused and neglected children, disaster management projects, relief operations and volunteer recruitment. He then spearheaded the National Youth Commission as its commissioner-at-large in 2001 before becoming its chairman and CEO in 2003. “In government, I witnessed programs that had short-term gains but no long-term effects for the people it served. That influenced me to think of something that could make a lasting, transforming difference for Filipinos.”

Mr. Ruiz, on the other hand, joined global company Unilever as customer development executive and merchandising supervisor. There he honed his skills in customer marketing, promotions development and planning. In just six years, he rose to the position of senior customer marketing manager and CMD head. Mr. Ruiz says, “Unlike Bam, I only considered myself an entrepreneur when I resigned from Unilever to collaborate with him. But being in sales and marketing, I always pushed for social development through innovation and entrepreneurship — the intersection of my passions and skills.”

Mr. Ruiz’s experience in marketing fast-moving consumer goods led to the idea of leveraging on the Filipino sari-sari or convenience stores, usually found in lower-income communities, that make up around 40% of total retail sales in the country. Seeing both the problems and the potentials of the sector, they theorized that for the stores to grow and be truly viable, they needed to enter a new phase of microentrepreneurship development.

After exchanging ideas on innovative microfinance development with like-minded individuals — among them Dr. Jaime Aristotle Alip, founder of the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development-Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD-MRI) and with whom they would eventually tie up — Mr. Aquino and Mr. Ruiz concretized their plans and developed a business plan for aggregating microretail outlets, which led to MicroVentures, Inc. (MVI)

MVI started its formal operations in 2007 as a social business enterprise working with CARD-MRI and its borrowers through its flagship project, the “Hapinoy Store Program.” A combination of the words “happy” and “Pinoy,” Hapinoy aims to “make every Filipino happy” by using an ecosystem management approach to improve local microenterprises. Through the program, a borrower who has top credit scores can borrow capital to convert an existing convenience store into a small Hapinoy Store or a larger Hapinoy Community Store, which serves over 50 small stores.

Recognizing that sari-sari stores are usually owned and run by the woman of the household (the mother or nanay), the Hapinoy Program focuses on increasing these Nanays’ profitability. Nanays are given access to business management and marketing knowledge through the “Path to Prosperity,” a four-tiered program designed to assist a fledgling Hapinoy store. Mr. Ruiz says, “We believe that empowering the woman microentrepreneur is a pivotal factor in reducing poverty. Increasing her profitability leads to an improved quality of life for her family and her community as well.”

The Hapinoy Program harnesses the potential of smaller enterprises through microfinancing, aggregation, value chain integration, business model innovation, branding and training. By linking Hapinoy Stores with established manufacturers and microproducers, MVI brings sari-sari stores into an organized supply chain. Moreover, MVI is able to get goods directly and at a lower cost and is able to pass these savings on to Hapinoy Stores. “Our partner companies do very well on their own, but they also see the intrinsic value in helping the community,” Mr. Aquino says.

As marketing and branding consultant, merchandise consolidator and training provider, MVI teaches each Nanay to make her own business more resilient, profitable and sustainable. Through a training program named Sariskwela, members are equipped with best practices on pricing, inventory and credit management, business expansion and goal setting. Veering away from the traditional patronage relationship between an organization and its beneficiary, Hapinoy empowers each Nanay to be a proactive manager accountable for her own business decisions. While the program teaches each Nanay ways to increase her monthly earnings from P3,000 to P18,000 within six to eight months, MVI’s ultimate goal is to improve her entrepreneurial ability and, consequently, her family’s livelihood, self-esteem and dignity.

In this respect, the Hapinoy Program is different from similar microfinancing or social enterprise models in Mexico or India, where the main focus is on raising funds for the organization’s goals. Village stores in Southeast Asia exist but are not consolidated systematically. Mr. Ruiz mentions that international microfinancing organization Grameen Foundation has singled out Hapinoy’s uniqueness — while social in nature, it is run like a real business.

“We envisioned Hapinoy as a flexible and wide-ranging platform, giving us more areas of application such as retail, production, mobile banking, technology and healthcare,” Mr. Aquino adds. In fact, a grant from the Science and Technology Innovations for the Base of the Pyramid in Southeast Asia has enabled MVI to pilot its Hapinoy Health Hub, which makes affordable medicine available in Hapinoy communities.

Currently, there are 150 Hapinoy Communities of around 10,000 stores concentrated in Southern Luzon. MVI hopes to expand operations in North Luzon by next year and, eventually, establish a Hapinoy presence in every town in the country. Groups in other countries have also expressed interest in replicating the program, and both Mr. Aquino and Mr. Ruiz foresee international expansion.

Mr. Ruiz acknowledges, however, that the present business environment is not quite ready for large-scale social enterprises; for example, there is not much “patient” (long-term) capital source available given the developmental aspect, and for-profit organizations cannot accept donations without being taxed. Mr. Aquino sees this as an opportunity for advocacy, saying that, “It’s time more people push for social entrepreneurship. As donations for non-government organizations get scarcer, social enterprises need to take the lead.” Both believe that in the long term, they can help microenterprises integrate into the formal economy and create a system of entrepreneurs helping other entrepreneurs. They dream of changing the world, one happy Pinoy at a time — it is the road they have taken.

The Entrepreneur Of The Year Philippines 2010 is sponsored by SAP Philippines. Official airline is KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, operating on behalf of the Air-France KLM Group in the Philippines. Media sponsors are BusinessWorld and the ABS-CBN News Channel. The winners of the Entrepreneur Of The Year Philippines 2010 will be announced on October 12, 2010 at an awards banquet at the Makati Shangri-La Hotel.

Got a big idea for Hapinoy?

In line with the Hapinoy+ Program, MicroVentures has launched the Hapinoy Fisherman Breakthrough Innovation Grant – this business concept competition is open to all who aspire to alleviate poverty through new and viable business ideas and innovations that can be offered through the Hapinoy Sari-Sari Store Network. Proposals must be innovative, resourceful, scalable, and fit to the particular needs of the Philippines.

Hapinoy FBI Grant is an international which is hosted by The Prize sponsors – Fisherman Foundation and SEVEN Fund. Fisherman and SEVEN tie-up with strategic partners in the Philippines to create open-source contests that in turn create positive systemic change whereby members of poor communities become self-sufficient and gradually improve their lives. And Hapinoy’s business model has proven to be successful and evolving with respect to the demands of the market and more importantly, to the needs of the program’s main stakeholders, the Nanay entrepreneurs.

One goal of the prize is to spur more Social Entrepreneurs – the key difference from other grant competitions is that there is now an existing platform – the Hapinoy Network – upon which the ideas can be built upon. If the ideas generated are impactful enough, these can be easily scaled to the 150 Hapinoy Communities.

Cash Prizes for this idea contest are as follows:

1st Prize: PhP 100,000
2nd Prize: PhP 75,000
3rd Prize: PhP 50,000
Special Prize: PhP 25,000

So if you’re 18 years old and above, and you have a business idea that:
•    Will innovate and improve the way business is done at the sari-sari store.
•    Will generate additional revenue for the Hapinoy Sari-Sari Store.
•    Will create direct benefits to consumers or members of the community.
•    Will fulfill a social need in the community.
•    Has the potential to grow and be implemented in other areas.
•    Is sustainable. Your idea, when implemented, can run and generate revenue for at least 3 years.
•    Is innovative and out of the box but feasible (strong market potential).

Join now and submit your ideas. Visit the Hapinoy FBI Prize page. Deadline of submission of entries will be on November 5, 2010.

For more a more details mechanics on the Prize, download the Tool Kit here.

To submit an idea, click here http://www.sevenfund.org/fbi/entry-form.php

MicroVentures Inc. is also partnered with the Asian Social Enterprise Incubator (ASEI), Smart Communications and GMA New Media Inc

This project has been a long-time coming, and is actually a critical piece of Hapinoy’s Strategy of becoming a Platform for the Base-of-the-Pyramid – what I have been referring to as ‘Hapinoy as the iPhone’.

Our HapiDelivery (logistics system) and Store Development capabilities form the foundations upon which we can now explore more value-adding activities which will hopefully have an even stronger socio-economic impact.

What I love about this project is that it is also an application of Open Innovation, a topic that has fascinated me for the past couple of years. In fact, Marvin Beduya (the Synthesist) has an interesting article on how this project is a prototype of such an approach. Link to his blog post here.

DARE TO ASK “WHY NOT?”

By Iya P. Joson

It is the simplest of ideas that spark the greatest of revolutions.

For Efren Peñaflorida, it was as modest as taking out run-of-the-mill pushcarts, filling them with school supplies and wheeling them out to cemeteries and trash dumps. For Barack Obama, it was as basic as reaching out to community grassroots, carrying with him the honest word of “change” and showing that real leadership wasn’t steered by skin color.
For social entrepreneurs Mark Ruiz, Bam Aquino and four of their friends, it isn’t any different. They said: if we wanted to fix the educational system of this country, end poverty in 20 years and get rid of bad governance once and for all, complexities weren’t needed.

The solution is simple—all we have to do is look around and ask, “Why not?”

Nothing like word of mouth

Talk isn’t cheap, especially when priceless ideas are on the line.

In a nutshell, this is what WhyNot? is about—Filipinos gathering together through an organized forum, sharing ideas, acting on them and inspiring each other with their own ingenuity. “We started on September of 2007, [and] it was inspired by TED at that time,” WhyNot? pioneer Mark Ruiz says. TED or Technology Entertainment and Design, is an American-based institution that similarly organizes global conferences to share “ideas worth spreading.”

The problem with TED, however, was a lack of Pinoy presence. And this is where WhyNot? swoops in “It was as simple as: ‘We should have a Filipino version of TED,’” says Ruiz. “I knew that the Filipino had so much to offer, had a lot of great ideas, and had done a lot of great things, but wasn’t given a platform to really broadcast [them].”

Three years and seven WhyNot? talks later, the forum has found an even stronger following with the help of the World Wide Web. Videos of the talks are uploaded on the WhyNot? website for hoards of Filipinos with Internet access to view. But even with the kick of technology, the core of the WhyNot? spirit remains the same. “It’s really a passion project,” Ruiz says. “Our intention is in the tagline—‘inspiring Filipino ingenuity.”

Wanted: A little bit of crazy

They call themselves, the WhyNuts.

Maybe because having the passion to get a project like this started, requires a little more than good ol’ sanity; maybe because trusting that the answer we’re looking comes in the form of a question—“Why not?”—is as strange as it is believable.

“We were just a group of friends that got together,” Mark says in reference to his partners—WhyNuts Bam Aquino, Carlo Calimon, Timi Gomez and Angeli Ko. “No applications involved, none of that sort,” he shares. After the third WhyNot? talk, the group welcomed their sixth and final WhyNut: Jan Chavez-Arceo, a businessman with a background in events management. “[Jan] was really the one who helped us take it to a new level,” Ruiz says. “She puts up a big show, a really big show,” he continues on with a proud smile.

Now motivated by six very strong, passionate individuals, one can’t help but wonder how the WhyNot? team chemistry works. Of this, Ko, the youngest of the group speaks up, “I love the WhyNuts!” she says. “We don’t meet very often, but when we do, it stretches on for hours.”

Calimon agrees. “We keep laughing every time we meet,” he says. “You [can] say everyone fits this team like a puzzle.” Power trips and catfights are strangers to the WhyNot? team. “We all recognize each other’s expertise so there isn’t much conflict on that front,” Aquino says. “Everyone trusts each other to do the role that each has chosen for himself or herself.”

Aquino, for example, “usually hosts and writes spiels that explain the themes and the talks.” Gomez is in-charge of briefing the speakers and Calimon is the Finance Guy. Ko keeps track of the registration and the ticket sales, while Arceo revamps everything to a big-scale production. Laying the heart of everything, as everyone agrees, is Ruiz.

Despite their different functions in the team, everyone plays a huge part in coming up with the Why Not? theme. For Gomez, this is the most exciting part of the Why Not? process. “It’s always a stimulating debate to get the perfect mix!” she says.

‘Thinkers, dreamers and doers’

Every single Why Not? forum theme is perfectly calculated. “It’s a brainstorming session,” Ruiz says. “First, we agree on the theme, and it’s really a discussion we have as a group.”

The first three Why Not? talks were a smorgasbord of different ideas, but the four succeeding ones were themed to answer whatever environment was brewing in the country at that time. The most recent one was called “reimagination,” a Why Not? theme created in response to Corazon Aquino’s death. “There was this air of uncertainty in the country—uncertainty about where we were headed,” Ruiz says. “And so we took a point of view and said, let’s ‘reimagine’ the country.”

After settling on a theme, the WhyNuts talk about getting the appropriate speaker—the person who they believe, can best fulfill the theme. And it’s vital to the WhyNuts that they get someone who not only thinks and dreams, but also does. “If you look at the roster of those who’ve spoken [for WhyNot], all of them have done something.” According to Ruiz, not one of their speakers comes up on the platform to say “I plan to do this”; rather they say, “I’ve already done this.”

Pragmatic idealism is what it’s called  and it’s usually WhyNot’s first step to getting the Filipino to break out of his mold—by showing him that others have dared ask the question, and he can too.

‘Let a thousand flowers bloom’

It’s difficult to measure the extent of WhyNot’s impact, especially since every forum is uploaded online for everyone with Internet access to take a look at. “Once you put it out on the Internet, you cannot track it. [When] we factor it being on the web, we never really know.” Ruiz says. “So our philosophy is, let’s just put it out there—let a thousand flowers bloom.”

But basing it from the feedback of the talks, both online and offline, it’s safe to say that WhyNot? works. Filipinos, especially those residing abroad, e-mail the WhyNuts to speak praise of their videos. There are “a lot of good things happening [in the Philippines],” they say—a lot of good that they no longer see on the news or in the papers.

All of this goes back to what WhyNot? strives to showcase: the good, and the great things Filipinos can accomplish.

Finding beauty in the bad

Does the Philippines in general lack people who ask “Why not?”
“Yes,” Ruiz says. “And that’s why we really put this up also. Filipinos like the status quo. [But] we want people to be unhappy with the status quo. And that’s what WhyNot is about—it’s about ideas that break, push the envelope and move things forward.”

Most Pinoys believe that an air of negativity hangs thick around this country. But WhyNot? makes it clear—it’s what you do about this negativity and cynicism that makes all the difference. “We see the bad, bur rather than settling on it, we ask ‘Why not?’” Ruiz shares, fervor and passion lining tone.
Children may be lining up on the streets, begging for food, and thousands of people may be out of work, but Ruiz calls this “the starting point.” He says, “You don’t ask ‘Why not?’ when things are perfect. You ask ‘Why not?’ because there’s a certain discomfort with the status quo.”

We would all love to witness the day when every Filipino is properly sheltered, schooled and fed; when jobs can be found inside the country, and families are no longer separated by limiting, financial opportunities in these islands. When hope and pride isn’t something we have to search deep in our hearts for, because we see it all around us—in beautiful infrastructure, in clean streets, in good governance.

But until that moment comes, and we’re still living at a present where corruption is common fare, and poverty is an everyday reality—we can find strength and solace in a simple question.
—“Why not?”

Congratulations to the Philippines 21 Class of 2010. Special mention of course to my fiance’ Reese Fernandez (:p) and Hapinoy’s Director for Operations Erika Tatad! May your tribe increase!

—

Philippines 21 Young Leaders Initiative Class of 2010

Regina Irene Gaza (NCR)Managing Director, Business Fair Trade Consulting
Business, Fair Trade

Regina provides business development and fair trade consulting for small enterprises, institutions, and organizations. Her own business enterprise, Atiseret Haus of Bakery Products, served as a resource for the entrepreneurship module of Hands On Manila’s Galing Mo Kid Program. Regina is concurrently president of Kabahaginan Foundation, a volunteer organization for returned volunteer-members of VSO Bahaginan; she spent two years as a volunteer-consultant to vocational schools in Kenya.

Therese Clarence Fernandez (NCR)
President, Rags2Riches, Inc.
Business, Social Entrepreneurship

As President of the eco-ethical accessories brand Rags2Riches, Reese was responsible for the 300% increase in sales from 2007-2008 and the establishment of innovative partnerships with local designers and institutions. She previously worked with Ashoka Youth Venture and Ateneo School of Government’s Youth Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship program. Reese was a YouthActionNet Global Fellow for 2008, Paragon 100 Fellow for 2009 and was recently selected as part of the inaugural batch of the Rolex Young Laureates.

Maria Concepcion Hernandez
Councilor, Lipa City
Government (LGU)

Recently re-elected for her second term as councilor of Lipa City, Concon chairs the city council’s Committee on Women and Family and Committee on Information Technology. She remains active with local civic organizations JCI and Rotary Club, and is a director of the National Movement of Young Legislators.  An accomplished youth leader, she is an alumni of the Ayala Young Leaders, Bayer Young Environmental Envoy, and Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines programs.

Dr. Bryan Albert Lim (NCR)
Medical Doctor (Internal Medicine), UP-Philippine General Hospital
Health

Bryan’s healthcare advocacy goes beyond his duties as a doctor. He heads the Department of Internal Medicine’s study group on Universal Healthcare, which aims to develop a website database for patient education, continuing medical education, and medical case profiles. He spearheaded the Quisumbing-Escandor Film Festival for Health, a nationwide film competition that seeks to highlight the impact of social, cultural and political factors on the current state of healthcare; winning films are screened in communities and schools as part of a health awareness campaign. He also co-organized the Health Young Leaders’ Congress, which brings together upcoming leaders in the health sector.

John Piermont Montilla (Iloilo)
President and CEO, Kabataang Gabay sa Positibong Pamumuhay
Non-Profit/Civil Society, Reproductive Health

Johnpierre is known for his reproductive health and rights advocacy, particularly his work on HIV/AIDS and highly exploitative risk environments. His organization’s HEART art therapy program of children with HIV/AIDS has been recognized by the National Youth Commission (TAYO Awards), Coca Cola Foundation (Coke Barkada Award) and Starbucks (International Entrepreneur Fund). Johnpierre’s prominent regional engagements include serving as YouthActionNet Ambassador of the International Youth Foundation, Peace Ambassador of the World Youth Peace Summit, and a Young Leaders in Governance Fellow of the UN Democracy Fund.

Jed Christian Sayre (Misamis Oriental)
Councilor, Municipality of Libertad
Government (LGU)

Prior to assuming his post as municipal councilor of Libertad, 22-year old Jed served as president of the Association of Locally Empowered Youth-Northern Mindanao, which counts among its projects the development of two “living museums” and the promotion of ecological sanitation, home gardening and local livelhoods. He also served as executive director of Tuburan Para Libertad Foundation, Inc., a micro-financing outfit for local ventures. His projects have received grants from Idea Wild, USA and the Japan Fund for Water. He was recognized as a 2009 Paragon 100 Fellow by the Foundation for Youth Social Entrepreneurship.

Jason Roy Sibug (NCR)
National President, Tuklas Katutubo
Non-Profit/Civil Society, Human Rights-Indigenous Peoples (IP)

A member of the Manobo tribe, Jason heads the first ever national organization of young tribal leaders in the Philippines. He has organized various IP Youth Summits and facilitated the Balik Tribo program, which provides skills training and capacity building for IP Youth. He also trains IP teachers in indigenizing the curriculum of day care centers and elementary schools. During his presidency, Tuklas Katutubo was named one of the Ten Accomplished Youth Organizations (TAYO Awards). Jason was featured in the ASEAN publication, Young Southeast Asia.

Cecilia Claire Reyes (Isabela)
Mayor, Municipality of Alicia
Government (LGU)

Jeng is the youngest person and first woman to be elected mayor of Alicia, Isabela. She previously served one term as Board Member of the 3^rd District of Isabela, and 2 terms as municipal councilor of Alicia (garnering the highest number of votes for both elections). Her legislative agenda focuses on women and children.  Since 2008, Jeng has served as national president of the National Movement of Young Legislators. She has also represented the country in the Ship for Southeast Asia Youth Program and Pan-Pacific Youth Exchange Program.

Erika Tatad (NCR)
Director of Operations, Microventures, Inc.
Business, Social Enterprise

As Director of Operations for Microventures, Erika oversees operations of the Hapinoy Sari-Sari Store Program, comprised of 152 stores in Southern Luzon. She was previously founding Director of Asia Pacific of the World Youth Alliance, a global youth organization accredited by the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Other civic activities include serving as partnership coordinator of Gawad Kalinga and founding director of Saranggola Foundation, an NGO that supports literacy programs and scholarships in selected public schools.

Mark Anthony Yu (NCR)
Chief Financial Officer, Seaoil Philippines, Inc.
Business, Energy/Finance

As CFO of Seaoil Philippines, Mark has spearheaded the company’s cumulative annual growth rate of 63% He is currently president-elect of the Entrepreneurs Organization and serves on the advisory board of the Ateneo and La Salle business and management schools. He also recently chaired the Financial Executives Institute of the Philippines’ Voter Education and Transformation Committee, and launched the Empower 8,000,000 voter education program. Mark is founder and chair of Enspire Foundation, a Canadian non-profit organization whose main project is the relocation of squatter communities from Navotas to Bulacan; for this, he was recognized by the Canadian Embassy with the inaugural Spirit of Canada Award.

It’s absolutely amazing how one year can change an entire nation’s complexion.

Last August 22, 2009, we at WN?F felt that we needed to paint a picture of what can be rather than what is.

At that time, the country was mired in uncertainty given the shaky political climate, the elections just under a year away. We literally didn’t know what was going to happen.

It was also at this period that an emotional wellspring erupted across the country after the passing of the ‘mother’ of our democratic nation, Tita Cory.

And so we at Why Not? Forum then asked, Why Not a ReimagiNATION?

We basically wanted to take a point of view in reimagining the New Filipino. Where we could go, not where we’re stuck :

Now, one year later, nobody could have predicted that our country would be in this state – a new President, a new administration, a new spirit of optimism, a renewed sense of people power.

And while most of the Why Nuts are obviously also involved in the political sphere, the Why Not? Forum as an entity still wanted to take a different perspective outside of the new government.

We wanted to take a stance that this new sense of hope and optimism is not going to magically translate into change by virtue of having a new administration alone. All of us in the private sector will have to get roaring and do our part.

And so for this round, Why Not? asks our beloved followers ‘NOW WHAT?’.

Now that we’ve got this energy, this spirit, this new pulse – what are we going to do about it?

So join us on August 22, 2pm at the Ayala Museum, as our speakers answer this question with us :

Bill Luz – Now What for Philippine Business?
Rico Hizon – Now What for the Global Pinoy?
Noel Cabangon – Now What para sa mga Mabubuting Pinoy?
Reese Fernandez – Now What for Social Development?
Alex Lacson – Now What for Good Citizenship?
Ogie Alcasid – Now What for the Pinoy Entertainment Industry?

for reservations, email whynotforum@gmail.com; you can also confirm via facebook http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=116268368424975

http://www.whynotforum.com

I’ve previously asked the question, where will the next generation of Social Entrepreneurs come from?

I think there are three sources -

1. fresh graduates from other disciplines (as there isn’t a formal social enterprise degree yet),
2. NGO practitioners who’ll deepen their business skills, and
3. corporate executives/entrepreneurs who’ll be making the leap).

I personally came from Bucket #3 and know a few who are in #2. But it’s the pool from Bucket #1 which excites me.

Their lack of work experience can be viewed as a potential weakness, but it’s also most certainly a source of strength. They’re not burdened by years of experience and dominant logic residing in their heads. They’ve got a deep wellspring of “intelligent naivete’” to see problems with entirely fresh eyes. And this approach leads to exciting new ideas for new solutions.

Now, I’m not saying they’ve got the operating models exactly down pat – in fact, this is where the experience factor will certainly play a role. But the audacity to see things from an entirely new perspective, to come up with new solutions is a most excellent starting point.

If anything, social entrepreneurship is about change. And change comes hardest to people who are deeply-entrenched in the way things are done. It will come easiest from new entrants, from new people who can easily challenge the status quo. This is precisely the Bucket #1 people who are asking ‘Why Not?’

Enter British Council Philippines’ ‘I Am a Changemaker’ – essentially, a social entrepreneurship competition.

I was invited to be a judge for their finals last July 31 at the Ateneo, and I must say that I’m highly encouraged by these idealistic and youthful changemakers who are already actively thinking about social enterprises.

From the official literature :

British Council – I Am a Changemaker operates like a business plan competition, awarding seed capital directly to the best social enterprise idea that best meets our criteria. It provides a vehicle for taking innovations from idea to reality, and is a real-world exercise for improving young people’s skills in 1. Starting a social enterprise, 2. Pitching ideas to possible investors (in terms of viability and scalability), and 3. Building networks (getting people to work together) Participants are challenged to unleash their ideas, energy and idealism to affect positive social change in our society. The only limit to the range of projects eligible for the award is dependent on their ambition and imagination.

In fact, as a judge, I was asked to “score” the entries along the following dimensions : overall concept, community impact, sustainability, risk assessment and market analysis, and management team. It’s a criteria that looks at the juggling act of social development and business modeling.

I was pleasantly surprised with the entries. I think there’s still a huge upside to further fine-tune most of them, but all-in-all I appreciate the fact that social entrepreneurship is being considered by these changemakers as a viable option.

The models were coalescing around certain themes – aggregation, community development, direct linkages/market access, capacity-building through livelihood development, working with the marginalized.

There are certainly more models of social enterprises out there, and I would certainly appreciate more diversity and originality from the entries – we really need more radical thinking for the “wicked problems” that plague society. But as I said, this is already an extremely encouraging beginning. I really believe it will create a very powerful snowball effect.

And on this point, congratulations to the British Council for really investing their time, focus, and resources on this extremely worthwhile project! (special mention to Jen Domingo and Ana Tan :p). It’s really setting young changemakers along the right path.

And to all those aspirants – just keep on pushing. This line of work is certainly not easy, trust me. But if a social problem absolutely consumes you, then nothing will get in your way.

Aside from the business planning skills gained in this competition, I’d just like to emphasize again the ‘soft side’ of social entrepreneurship - integrity, sincerity, and execution as key currency.

Good luck!!

—

here are some highlights, in pictures and videos :

There were several finalists coming from all regions. In fact, the entrants were clustered into NCR, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

Here are some of the entries :

OrganiKa – Organika is a social business accelerator and resource innovator committed to grow and dignify Agri-Business Communities (ABCs) by providing marketing and distribution services through collaboration with institutions and experts across industry sectors. The enterprise was borne as a response to the market gap between local producers who are not able to reach the market and consumers who have limited access to comfortably-priced quality food products. As an entry strategy, Organika will market agricultural products such as coco sugar to institutional buyers including company pantries and food service establishments.

Hinabi – the premise is to use and promote various Philippine weaves in new, innovative and everyday products that cater to a target market that would not normally consider these products as an option for daily use. By creating weaeable products that feature those weaves, we would not only be promoting them, but also continuing a “dying” tradition and ultimately restores dignity to the weavers themselves.

HapiKaw Organics serves to unite and empower small-scale farmers by providing strategic marketing services to selected Dairy Federations in Mindanao with a production ethos based on organic farming technology. The short-term objectives are modest but the long-term goal is to become a world-class organic dairy industry that will address food security in Mindanao and eventually fair-trade export.

—

Before the winners were announced, Fr. Ben Nebres, President of the Ateneo University gave the welcoming remarks. He talked on how Ateneo has been actively pursuing and supporting the social entrepreneurship movement as they believe it’s really the new model of social development :

And now, on to the Winners …

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NCR WINNER : THE GOOD FOOD COMPANY

The Good Food Company - The project aims to reconnect people back to the land by making them stakeholders by making them stakeholders in the work of farmers in organic production. Stakeholders also commit to purchase a fixed amount for a set period of time. The endeavor will also be a platform to educate the general public on the values of eating organic, the farmers’ plight, and other relevant matters.

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LUZON WINNER : ISLA CULION SOUVENIRS

Isla Culion Souvenirs – The increasing tourism activity in Culion Island and its neighbouring areas inspired the need to set up a model souvenir shop aimed at earning money not for profit but also for service to all stakeholders. It will not just cater to the market demand, but will promote the welfare of the Tagbanuas (indigenous people living in the Calamianes Group of Islands) and promote the responsible use of our natural resources.

VISAYAS WINNER : TEAM 3G (GO FOR GUSO)

Gasa sa Guso (Gifts from Seaweed) – proposes to address problems in education, employment and livelihood in Pangan-an Island by establishing a youth cooperative engaged in guso (seaweed) farming. Trainins in guso farming and entrepreneurship for high school students in Pangan-an Island, Cebu pave the way to managing the cooperative and the guso farm. Expansion in building a multi-purpose store, extending credit, and diversifying livelihood means through guso processing are also foreseen as strategies to improve living standards among families in the island.

MINDANAO WINNER : ENTREPRENEURS RESPONDING THROUGH SOCIAL SERVICES

Entrepreneurs Responding through Social Services (ERSS) – Bag Tarpreneurs wanted to address two of the major problems of society today – Pollution and Poverty. Bags made out of recycled tarpaulins by the unemployed women of Balulang, Cagayan de Oro is the focus of this social enterprise. Recycling one of the major waste materials found in most cities into useful and beautiful bags will help minimize waste and at the same time, provide sustainable employment and income to the women of Balulang.

—

Here’s a group picture with all the winners :

Congrats to these new Changemakers, as they each won P100,000!

Gasa sa Guso also got another P100,000 as a special prize from Starbucks’ Shared Planet Special Prize. Personally, I really think that group nailed the social business model – although I did have some strong feedback on the financial model and their profit distribution (even after the panel discussion, I chatted with them to emphasize my point – couldn’t help it, such a promising group especially with some further tweaking) :p

HM Ambassador Stephen Lillie gave the closing remarks, and shares the UK’s deep experience on Social Entrepreneurship, and his belief that it can also have a strong impact in the Philippines.

Picture of the Panel of Judges with Ambassador Lillie and Fr. Ben

Some time back, Pam Imperial got in touch through the Life’s Direction’s Community (thanks AJ!) about making a special episode of Channel [V]‘s V-Life on Social Entrepreneurs, featuring myself and Reese

Little did we know that it would really be a rather lengthy episode! (Well, the upside is I think we’ll just show this as our wedding AVP on December – just kidding, Reese! :p)

Wedding jokes aside, we gladly agreed to do it because we continuously want to advocate that social entrepreneurship can indeed be a career choice. It’s certainly not a short-term thing or project, it’s a whole life’s choice and path. And yes, it is indeed viable.

Anyway, here’s the episode which first aired on May 18 -

Part 1 :

Part 2 :

Part 3 :

Part 4 :